Andorra's history spans 1200 years — from Charlemagne, the joint sovereignty of bishop and count, to modern microstate in the Pyrenees.
Charlemagne and Origins (805 AD)
According to tradition, Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in 805 for their help against the Moors. The "Carta de Fundació" is legendary but cherished.
Diarchy (1278–today)
1278 — Paréage of Andorra: joint sovereignty between Bishop of Urgell (Spain) and Count of Foix (later King of France, today President). World's unique diarchy continuing 747 years.
French Revolution and Napoleon (1789–1815)
French Revolution abolished feudal Co-Princes — but Andorrans missed the bishop's mild rule. Napoleon restored the diarchy 1806 at Andorrans' request.
Modernization (1933–1993)
Long isolation broken in 1933 (women got vote rights only 1970). Spanish Civil War 1936-39 — Andorra remained neutral. WWII — neutral, sheltered refugees.
Constitution and EU Era (1993–today)
Constitution March 14, 1993 — Andorra became parliamentary democracy under co-princes. Joined UN 1993. Treaty with EU 2011 (uses Euro). Today 80,000 inhabitants, capital Andorra la Vella (highest in Europe, 1023 m).